AlbertYang的甘苦滋味

 一、有關緩衝溶液，請回答以下問題。

(一) 混合溶液中含有0.2 M醋酸（CH₃COOH）及0.4 M醋酸鈉（CH₃COONa），請計算溶液的pH值。醋酸之Ka = 1.8×10^-5

一、在氣相層析法（gas chromatography）中，常用的偵測器有火焰離子化偵測器（flame ionization detector）和電子捕捉偵測器（electron-capture detector）。

一、前言
科學是一種歸納的學問，實驗則是檢驗真理的唯一準則，因此，實驗數據的可信度一直都是最核心的問題。如何判斷實驗數據可不可信，科學家以準確度(Accuracy)與精確度(Precision)為重要的參考指標。可兩者間指的到底是不是同一件事，使用上卻又常有混淆誤用的情事，以下就來介紹這兩個常見的名詞。
二、定義

一、前言
如同氫離子濃度指數pH值用來詮釋酸鹼的概念，環境工程上在對氧化還原反應與水系統的探討，參採類似的概念配合圖解的方式來探討水系統裡的氧化還原概念。
 

一、前言與名詞解釋^1-3
偵測極限是任何分析方法中最重要的一個參數，因此分析化學文獻中經常看到偵測極限的報導。正因為偵測極限普遍的出現於文獻及分析方法中，因此它基本上是一個從事化學分析或檢測工作者相當熟悉的名詞，這樣一個普遍被使用的名詞，近幾年來卻因食品安全問題，比方說每當有食品污染事件產生時，民眾心中或許有個疑惑，有些污染物不是「不得檢出」嗎？為什麼檢測出不是零的數值還會合法？偵測極限突然就成為一個熱門的話題。食品安全不是一個新的議題，偵測極限也不是一個新的名詞，使用偵測極限來判定某一食品是否符合法規要求也是行之有年的作法，但是為什麼今天大家對偵測極限的重視遠高於以，主要的原因之一在於液相層析/串聯質譜 (LC/MS/MS) 的快速發展。由於 LC/MS/MS技術的成熟，方法的檢測下限較之前常用的液相層析/紫外光譜感度下降了近百倍 (或更高)。由於感度的大幅提升，因此許多以前檢測不出來的樣品都因使用LC/MS/MS 而出現了陽性的檢測結果。這個現象使得偵測極限不再是一個似乎無關痛癢，偶爾才會被使用的一個象徵性或裝飾性的名詞。因為它使用的機會增加了許多，因此偵測極限的正確性，合理性及是否易於使用也就突然的受到了各方的關切。

剛好安排往北海岸出遊 因為人在北部沒有像在家那麼方便 可以直接跟家裡借車出遊
所以就租了人生的第一台租車(還沒辦法噴錢買車Q.Q)
以下就分享些心得囉 首先因為我是台大的校友 非常建議可以去辦張校友證來使用
校友優惠不少(ex溪頭的住宿之類的) 年限五年 年限內續卡免費
過期就跟新申請一樣 要繳300大洋
從優惠裡看到格上租車有優惠75折 就趕快撥電話跟客服連絡+網站填單後
就在捷運萬隆站的附近分點租車了
這邊要注意的是 網站上可以先看你預計想租的車型
有不同的價位跟車種 建議要提早三天租你想要的車跟加註借用GPS
不然會遇到沒車可租跟沒GPS要候補的狀況
我跟我家那隻就遇到想租Colt Plus或Big Tiida沒車的狀況
服務人員說只剩VW New Polo~~進口車耶XDXD
不過前一天打來說Polo撞車 請我們改租同價位的Lancer iO 1.8
當天到現場看車
要注意是因為是定型化契約 所以建議一定要在驗車時就"拍照"
雖說廠商會當場讓你巡外觀有沒有狀況並配合在契約上加註
但建議還是無論外觀內裝要拍照
拍照方式建議遠照跟近照都要有 不要只有遠拍
不建議用錄的(會手抖、難擷取清晰相片)
這是因為如果在旅程過程中遇到了不明車損(就是比方說停車時不知道被誰a到)
可以有照片比對 另外當下可以請警察杯杯錄案
照格上的說法不管怎樣的狀況就是去備案 拿報案三聯單來
才能去界定用車人賠給格上的問題 格上在契約上車損部分就是用車人最多10000大洋
除非損及車體結構、變速箱 才以折舊後的車價10%賠償(印象中)
另外涉及個資法的問題 格上不提供行車紀錄器
所以租車來開不要當作F1或是競賽車種狂操
畢竟平平安安地出門 快快樂樂地還車 才是真的
沒有富爸爸就只能注意黃金右腳了
P.S.有攜帶寵物要運輸籠的樣子 不然有動物的毛髮也要加租....
P.S.格上有推甲地租車乙地還車的服務 這是會加摳摳的 不建議
順便一提 可能沒在台北開過車 別人都很會剪車啊~~Orz
況且以前都沒走過高架@.@
記得要小心再小心 錢不是問題 重點是奇檬子啊
況且去警局處理事情 是很漫長的擾人的
另外就是Lancer iO  運動化鯊魚頭這台車的使用心得
CVT變速箱 油門踩踏反應沒很快
所以不要一下就大腳油門 不然突然暴衝 親到前車的屁屁 也會很OOXX
大體來說 格上的服務還算滿意 開Lancer iO還不錯
好的開車習慣油耗會很漂亮 注意安全 才能開心
最後祝大家Have a nice day

Someone, one of my friend, has written that moon doesn't exist unless you "perceive" and "observe" it from philosopher's point of view. This is kind of perverting the fundamental idea from the great masters who are famous for their pioneering work on quantum mechanics. In order to elucidate the spirit of quantum mechanics, I'll try to explain "absolute size" and "superposition principle" in the following context as possible as I can.
First of all, it alsway been hold, either classical mechanics or quantum mechanics, that we must interact with our target if we wants to make an observation on it. Observation causes disturbances. Classical mechanics assume that we can always make object being big and neglect disturbance when makeing observation on it. Size is "relative". For example, when we throw a billiard ball at that wall, the wall is "big" and the ball is "small". That is, size depends on the object and your experimental technique, so the classical system obey the causality, i. e. an observation doesn't scatter the system we interested in. Quantum mechanics is fundamentally different from classical mechanics in the way it treats size. Dirac assumes that there is a limit to the fineness of our powers of observation and the smallness of the accompanying disturbance, a limit which is inherent in the nature of things and can never be surpassed by improved technique or increased skill on the part of the observer. That is, for a small object, an unavoidable limiting disturbance is not negligible even if we improve our experimental technique. Size is absolute. On the contrary, classical mechanics doesn't set up to describe objects that are small in an absolute sense. Due to unavoidable limiting disturbance, observation on a microscopic system breaks down the causality, and uncertainty comes in calculation of observables. The experimental result accompanies with probability.
What happened before making observation on a system? A famous example is "Schrödinger's cat." The whole story can be found on Wiki. The state of such system can be described by the following equation
To get statistical result, we perpare many similar boxes. By opening these boxes, we get the probability finding the cat is dead or alive. But we still don't know the real situation before we open these black boxes. It seems strange, and alittle bit distracting from my another main topic: "Superposition principle." All I do is to desribe our interested system by using linear combination (superposition) of a set base kets (vectors). In quantum mechanics, superposition of states is central theoretical description of nature. Observation on a superposition of A (ex: "alive") and B (ex: "dead"), which are basis, gives either a or b. Never gives anything else. Probability of getting result a or b depends on relative weights of A and B in the superposition. A great conclusion comes from Dirac: "The intermediate character of the state formed by superposition thus expresses itself through the probability of a particular result for an observation being 'intermediate' between the corresponding probabilities for the original state, not through the result itself being intermediate between the corresponding results for the original states." "Absolute size" and "Superposition principle" are intimately linked. Maybe the example about the cat is untouchable, I strongly recommendated the book, Elementary Quantum Mechanics, which is written by Michael D. Fayer. He illustrate the two ideas in an attainable way. All quantum mechanics do is to calculate probabilities about our interested system.
Reference Link:
http://www.stanford.edu/group/fayer/

古典的量子論學習中  最經典的模型就是  粒子於一維盒子中的運動描述(波函數)推導  及其能量量化的導式
這邊藉由簡單的一維駐波模型方式推得粒子於一維盒子中
我們知道粒子於一維盒子中的假設(如下圖)
     

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triplet_state
問題是這個樣子的
在上面的Wiki link中
提及了一些關於電子的組態
可是也不曉得為啥 就assign某3個組合為triplet
另一個組合就是singlet
想了一陣子
這邊是我的想法 也請網友多指教囉
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
The spin multiplicity (total spin momentum) for 2e^- can
be regarded as "2S+1". For S = 1 (2e- are arranged in parallel
configuration), the sub-configurations (combination) of e- pairs
are 1, 0, and -1 which can be regarded as the vector, S, projects
on to an imaginary z-axis (as the external magnetic field
orientation). Easily, we know that the S=0 is an anti-parallel
configuration, is paired.
Graphically, we can "draw" that the combination of 2e- are
1(↑)2(↑), 1(↓)2(↓), and 1(↑)2(↓). But, because 2e- are
fundamentally indistinguishable, the 1(↓)2(↑) configuration
also must take into account. That is, we must consider the
linear combination of a*1(↑)2(↓)+b*1(↓)2(↑) as a possible
solution under operation of spin operator (this also can be
regarded as Zeeman or Stark effect). a and b are arbitrary
coefficient. We define the combination as
[1(↑)2(↓)+/-1(↓)2(↑)]/(2)^0.5 to use.
So we got 4 spin combination for all possible e- orientations:
1(↑)2(↑)
1(↓)2(↓)
[1(↑)2(↓)+/-1(↓)2(↑)]/((2)^0.5)
The first 3 spin wavefunction is symmetric, and the last one
is anti-symmetric.
When starting considering e- configuration of H2, the
Pauli exclusion principle must be taken. That is, the interchange
of 2e- must obey the antisymmetric requirement. This can be
accomplished by putting on the spatial part of H2 (這邊沒有解).
So the first 3 wavefunction is corresponding to higher energy
(excited state) which is solved by spatial part, the last one
corresponds to lower energy which is named ground state. The
excited state of H2 is triple degeneracy (triplet) due to
its possible spin configurations, and the ground state is singlet.

從UMC結束後
開始在家念書念一陣子
想說要有個交流平台的方式把筆記記下來